MOSFET 1962 Step 11 Name Atalla Kahng Bell Labs Demonstration

# Name Atalla and Kahng: the 1959-60 Bell Labs Demonstration This Series Never Credited Directly

## 1. A Decade of Anonymous Progress, Finally Given Two Names

Step 1 of this series described the surface-state problem as solved without naming who first built a working device once it was. Mohamed Atalla and Dawon Kahng, working at Bell Labs, demonstrated the first operating MOS field-effect transistor in 1959-60, using the thermally grown oxide Atalla had already shown could passivate a silicon surface for diode work. Their device was a laboratory demonstration, not a manufacturable part -- Bell Labs itself, already deep in bipolar production, did not pursue it commercially -- but it proved the physics this series opens with actually worked outside a blackboard.

Two Names Behind One Demonstration the surface-passivation insight and the first working device, 1958-1960 ATALLA, 1958 thermally oxidized silicon passivates surface states originally a diode result ATALLA & KAHNG, 1959-60 apply the same oxide as a gate insulator first working MOS transistor BELL LABS, UNPURSUED no commercial program bipolar was the priority RCA picks it up next Bell Labs proved the physics worked and then did not manufacture it. That gap is exactly what Step 12 opens with: who manufactured first.

## 2. Why This Series Opened With Physics Instead of People

This series' own Step 1 was written around the surface-state equation, not a credit line, because the physical mechanism is what later steps build on -- the oxide-interface quality, not the specific lab that first measured it. Naming Atalla and Kahng here, after the device's physics has already been established across ten steps, is a correction of record rather than a retelling: nothing about the threshold-voltage, channel-inversion, or switching-speed content already written changes.

What Changes By Naming the Inventors everything else in steps 1-10 stays exactly as written 2 Physics 2 Device behavior 100 Historical record Adding Atalla and Kahng corrects attribution only. No equation, measurement, or claim from steps 1-10 is revised.

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