MOSFET 1962 Step 16 Mos Input Impedance Low Power Case

# Make the Business Case Anyway: High Input Impedance and Low Power, Even at a Yield Cost

## 1. A Case That Did Not Depend on Winning the Yield Argument

If yield economics alone decided the 1962-63 market, bipolar would have won every socket, and MOS would have stayed a lab curiosity -- it did not, because MOS offered two specific electrical properties no comparably simple bipolar circuit could match: very high input impedance (drawing almost no input current) and very low static power dissipation. For voltage-sensing and battery-powered applications specifically, those two properties were worth the yield penalty Step 15 just quantified, which is the actual commercial argument RCA was making to customers, distinct from a cost-per-die argument it could not yet win.

Two Properties That Justified the Yield Penalty the case RCA made to customers who needed them specifically BIPOLAR INPUT STAGE low input impedance draws meaningful input current unsuitable for weak sources MOS INPUT STAGE extremely high input impedance near-zero input current ideal for sensor/weak sources CUSTOMER DECISION pay the yield-driven cost get the impedance advantage a real trade, not a free win This is a property-for-property trade, not a claim that MOS was simply better. Step 15's honest cost picture and this step's honest benefit picture are two halves of the same decision.

## 2. Which Markets Actually Made That Trade

Instrumentation amplifiers, early electronic calculators, and battery-powered consumer devices were the specific early markets willing to pay MOS's yield-driven price premium for its impedance and power advantages -- not because MOS had become the general-purpose cheaper choice, but because those applications had no comparably good bipolar alternative at any price. That selectivity is itself evidence the business case was real and specific, not a hopeful projection.

Where the Trade Was Worth It (1962-63) narrow but real early markets, not a general cost win 80 Sensor/instrumentation 70 Battery-powered consumer 20 General logic (cost-sensitive) MOS won sockets where impedance/power mattered more than die cost. It had not yet won the cost-sensitive general logic market Step 15 described.

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