Floorplanning Strategy and Methodology is high-level spatial organization of major functional blocks on the die — determining block locations, power delivery, and interconnect architecture before detailed design — critical for meeting timing, power, and area targets. Floorplanning is foundational to physical design, partitioning the chip into major blocks and defining their spatial relationships. Good floorplanning determines whether timing closure is feasible. Critical design decisions: block sizes, locations, power delivery, and memory hierarchy are established. Floorplan Inputs: System architecture defines major blocks — processors, caches, memory controllers, I/O. Block communication bandwidth and latency drive partitioning. Performance requirements guide block interfaces and pipelining. Power budgets and thermal limits constrain block placement. Floorplanning Objectives: minimize wirelength (especially critical interconnect), minimize timing violations (critical path lengths), balance area, and manage power/thermal (hotspot avoidance). Floorplan Generation: Grid-based approach: assigns blocks to grid locations. Slicing structure: recursively partitions area with cuts, creating rectangular regions. Each cut can be vertical or horizontal. Sequence pair: represents floorplan through two permutations of blocks, enabling efficient exploration. Simulated annealing or other search methods find good sequence pairs. Timing-driven floorplanning: places critical blocks close together, reducing interconnect delay on critical paths. Signal flow and block dependencies drive block placement. Power delivery planning: allocates power delivery infrastructure. Supply grid routing determined at floorplanning level. Power grid fragmentation avoided. Voltage drops minimized. Thermal management: high-power blocks avoid clustering (potential hotspots). Heat dissipation paths ensured. Floorplan heterogeneity (non-uniform block sizes) increases complexity but enables specialization. Memory blocks at predictable boundaries simplify routing. Power and clock distribution: separate regions for logic, memory, I/O based on their distinct infrastructure needs. Clock tree synthesis starts from floorplan specification. Hierarchical power delivery: multiple power domains with independent voltage regulation. Floorplan accounts for level shifters and domain crossings. Macros placement: large hardmacros (memory, analog blocks) placed early. Macro timing, blockage, and power characteristics influence placement. Placement legality: adjacent blocks must fit without overlap. Matching interfaces (power/ground, signal) guides block alignment. Congestion analysis: estimated routing congestion from floorplan guides refinement. Congestion hotspots identified and blocks repositioned. ECO margin: floorplan reserves area for late ECO changes. Conservative sizing avoids floorplan breaks from ECO. Tool Support: Commercial tools (Cadence, Synopsys) provide automated floorplanning with user constraints. Manual refinement leverages designer expertise. Floorplanning strategy determines block locations, power/clock distribution, and critical interconnect, providing foundation for physical design success and meeting timing, power, and area targets.