arrhenius equation

**Arrhenius equation** describes **temperature acceleration of failure mechanisms** — stating that reaction rates double approximately every 10°C due to exponential temperature dependence, the foundation for translating accelerated test results to field conditions. **What Is Arrhenius Equation?** - **Formula**: k = A·exp(-Ea/kT) where k is rate, Ea is activation energy, T is temperature, k is Boltzmann constant. - **Key Insight**: Failure rate increases exponentially with temperature. - **Purpose**: Translate high-temperature test data to room-temperature lifetime. **Activation Energy (Ea)**: Characterizes temperature sensitivity of failure mechanism (typical: 0.5-1.5 eV). **Acceleration Factor**: AF = exp[(Ea/k)·(1/T_use - 1/T_stress)]. **Applications**: HTOL extrapolation, TDDB modeling, electromigration prediction, thermal cycling analysis. **Failure Mechanisms**: Diffusion, chemical reactions, trap generation, metal migration, interface degradation. Arrhenius equation is **mathematical lens** for reading acceleration data and making accurate lifetime predictions.