dc testing

**DC Testing** is a **fundamental electrical test that measures the static (direct current) characteristics of an integrated circuit** — verifying voltage levels, current draw, input/output thresholds, and leakage at steady state (no clock or switching). **What Is DC Testing?** - **Definition**: Tests performed under constant (non-switching) conditions. - **Key Measurements**: - **VOH / VOL**: Output High/Low voltage levels. - **VIH / VIL**: Input High/Low threshold voltages. - **IOH / IOL**: Output drive current capability. - **IIH / IIL**: Input leakage current. - **IDDQ**: Quiescent supply current (IC at rest). - **Equipment**: ATE (Automatic Test Equipment) parametric measurement units (PMU). **Why It Matters** - **Continuity**: Confirms all pins are connected and bonded correctly. - **Power Budget**: Measures actual power consumption vs. specification. - **Defect Detection**: Abnormal leakage current indicates gate oxide defects or shorts. **DC Testing** is **the physical exam for chips** — checking the vital signs of voltage, current, and resistance before any dynamic behavior.