zero anaphora resolution

**Zero Anaphora Resolution** (or Zero Pronoun Resolution) is the **task of identifying and resolving "empty" or "dropped" pronouns that are grammatically omitted but semantically implied** — a major challenge in pro-drop languages like Chinese, Japanese, and Italian. **The Phenomenon** - **English**: "I went to the store. *I* bought milk." (Explicit). - **Japanese**: "Store went. Milk bought." (Implicit/Zero Subject). - **Task**: The model must realize "Milk bought" implies "[I] bought milk" based on context. **Why It Matters** - **Translation**: Translating Japanese to English REQUIRES restoring these dropped pronouns, otherwise output is broken grammar ("Bought milk."). - **Ambiguity**: "Saw context." -> Did *I* see it? Did *He* see it? The model must infer the hidden subject. - **Difficulty**: Much harder than standard coreference because there is no span to link — you must link to a "void". **Zero Anaphora Resolution** is **finding the ghosts** — detecting and resolving the invisible pronouns that fluent speakers omit.