CMOS 1963 Qualify Against Single Channel MOSFET

# Qualify Against the Single-Channel MOSFET Just Completed: More Area, More Steps, a Power Advantage 1962 Could Never Offer

## 1. Why This Series' Own Gate Costs More to Build Before It Ever Saves Anything

This step runs a direct, honest comparison against the 1962 series' own single-channel MOSFET gate, built with a resistive or active load and no well at all, and the result splits cleanly along the same two-axis structure 1962's own Step 9 used against the bipolar transistor before it — this series' complementary gate costs more area and more process steps to build, and delivers a static-power advantage that structure could never offer. A single-channel gate needs one transistor and some kind of load; this series' own gate needs two transistors, Step 2 and Step 3's own well diffused alongside them, and the keep-out spacing that well's own lateral spread forces every neighboring structure to respect. None of that cost was optional — every step in this series paid it specifically to deliver the near-zero static current Step 6 measured and verified against Step 1's own theoretical claim. The honest comparison this step runs is not whether this series' gate is simply better, but exactly how much more it costs and exactly what that cost buys.

$$\frac{A_{\text{gate,CMOS}}}{A_{\text{gate,1962}}} \approx 2^{+}, \qquad \frac{P_{\text{static,CMOS}}}{P_{\text{static,1962}}} \ll 1$$

where the area ratio reflects this series' own second transistor plus the well and its required keep-out spacing from Step 3, and the power ratio reflects Step 6's own measured static current against whatever static current 1962's own resistive or active-load gate draws while holding a state — this step's real contribution is putting both ratios side by side, so the trade this series makes is a measured number on each axis, not a claim on only the axis that favors it.

More Area to Build, Far Less Power to Hold the same two-axis structure 1962's own Step 9 used against bipolar GATE AREA 1962, single channel this series' gate, well included this series loses this comparison outright STATIC POWER 1962, single channel this series' gate ≈ 0 this series wins this comparison outright ACMOS / A1962 ≈ 2⁺, Pstatic,CMOS / Pstatic,1962 ≪ 1 neither gate wins both axes; this step measures exactly how much each axis costs

## 2. Real Diagram: Two Gate Footprints, Drawn to the Same Scale

The layout comparison below places both gates side by side at the same scale, so the extra area this series' own well and keep-out spacing cost is a visible fact rather than an abstract ratio.

Two Footprints, Same Scale 1962's single-channel gate, beside this series' own complementary gate 1962, NO WELL one transistor plus a load THIS SERIES NMOS region well + PMOS keep-out spacing from Step 3 the well and its own spacing are the entire reason this gate is wider than the other

## 3. The Same Comparative Genre, a Different Pair of Axes

The 1962 series' own Step 9 ran this project's first honest comparison that didn't simply favor the newer device — a complete device family losing a direct head-to-head on switching speed while winning outright on gate current, with neither verdict erasing the other. This step runs the same genre of comparison a series later, between two circuit architectures within the broader MOS family rather than between two separate device families, and the axes have changed accordingly: not speed against current, but area and process complexity against static power. The trade is structurally identical in shape — one axis this series' own gate loses decisively, because it needs a second transistor and a well neither architecture can avoid; one axis it wins decisively, because near-zero static current is the entire reason every earlier step in this series exists. Neither 1962's own comparison nor this one settles which architecture is simply better, because neither pair of axes admits a single answer independent of what the finished circuit will actually be asked to do.

Step 9 does not conclude that this series' gate replaces 1962's own single-channel gate; it measures, on the two axes that actually matter for choosing between them, exactly what each architecture costs and exactly what each one buys.

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